Mulch Calculator
How much mulch a bed or tree ring needs in cubic yards and bags, topping up what is already there, with bags and bulk delivery priced side by side.
Use decimals — 10 ft 6 in is 10.5.
Use decimals — 10 ft 6 in is 10.5.
Edge to edge. ISA: 6 ft across is the minimum for most trees.
Across the base of the trunk. Mulch stays 3 in off the bark.
Identical rings, added together.
Several beds? Add their square feet — 20 × 10 ft is 200.
ISA and Clemson: 2–3 in for fine mulch like this.
0 for a new bed. Measure in a few spots.
Bags or bulk
Prices are optional. Enter a bag price and a bulk price to see which costs less for this bed.
Most bags hold 2 cu ft; rubber mulch comes in 0.8 cu ft.
Added to the bulk order only.
Your supplier's delivery minimum, if any.
1.85 cu yd
50.0 cu ft · 25 bags of 2 cu ft · 1.42 m³
One cubic yard covers 108 sq ft at 3 in
25
2 cu ft each, covering 8 sq ft at 3 in · rounded up
2 cu yd
1.85 cu yd needed, rounded up to the half yard
Enter the bed's length and width to see how much mulch it takes.
3 in is within the 2–3 in that ISA and Clemson give for fine mulch such as shredded wood or bark.
Adding 3 in over the 0 in already there.
Leaves a 12-in circle bare around a 6-in trunk, 3 in off the bark (University of Maryland). ISA: a ring 3 ft in radius is the minimum for most trees.
Bags and bulk cost the same for this bed.
At these prices bulk never pays off: a cubic yard in bags costs no more than a cubic yard of bulk.
In 2 cu ft bags at $0.00, a cubic yard costs $0.00 (13.5 bags).
Same bed, other bag sizes
| Bag | Bags | Each covers, sq ft | Spare, cu ft |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 cu ft | 34 | 6 | 1.0 |
| 2 cu ft | 25 | 8 | 0.0 |
| 3 cu ft | 17 | 12 | 1.0 |
| 0.8 cu ft | 63 | 3.2 | 0.4 |
200 sq ft at 3 in. A bag covers its volume spread that deep: the Lowe's listings print 9, 12, 18 and 4.8 sq ft for these four sizes at 2 in.
This bed at other depths
| Spread, in | Cu yd | Bags | 1 cu yd covers, sq ft |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.62 | 9 | 324 |
| 2 | 1.23 | 17 | 162 |
| 3 | 1.85 | 25 | 108 |
| 4 | 2.47 | 34 | 81 |
| 6 | 3.70 | 50 | 54 |
| 9 | 5.56 | 75 | 36 |
| 12 | 7.41 | 100 | 27 |
In 2 cu ft bags. Topping up? Read the row for the inches you spread on top.
How deep, by mulch and spot
| Mulch or spot | Depth | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Shredded wood or bark | 2–3 in | ISA, Clemson |
| Bark nuggets, arborist wood chips | 3–4 in | ISA, Clemson |
| Under trees and shrubs | 3–4 in, out to the drip line, in a ring at least 3 ft in radius | Morton Arboretum, ISA |
| Perennial beds | A couple of inches | Morton Arboretum |
| Pine needles | 2–3 in | University of Maryland |
| Shredded leaves, grass clippings | No more than 2 in | Clemson |
| Compost | About 1 in | University of Maryland |
| Gravel or stone | 1–2 in | University of Maryland, UNL Extension |
| Rubber mulch in beds | 1.5 in | GroundSmart listing |
| Wet soil, organic mulch | No more than 2 in | ISA |
| Topping up | Check first; keep the total to 3 in | University of Maryland, ISA |
| Playgrounds | At least 9 in kept, so 12 in spread; shredded rubber 6 in | CPSC |
Keep mulch 3 in off trunks (University of Maryland) and 6–12 in from house walls (Clemson).
How this is calculated
Area: 20 ft × 10 ft = 200 sq ft.
Area: π × (10 ft ÷ 2)² = 78.5 sq ft.
Hole: the 6 in trunk plus 3 in on each side = 12 in, or 1 ft.
Ring: π × ((6 ft ÷ 2)² − (1 ft ÷ 2)²) = 27.5 sq ft, × 1 tree = 27.5 sq ft.
Area: 200 sq ft.
To add: 3 in finished − 0 in already there = 3 in.
To add: nothing, since the 0 in already there reaches the 3 in finished.
Packing down (CPSC, at least 25%): 3 in ÷ 0.75 = 3 in spread.
200 sq ft × 3 in ÷ 12 = 50.0 cu ft; ÷ 27 = 1.85 cu yd.
50.0 cu ft ÷ 2 cu ft a bag = 25.00, rounded up to 25 bags.
50.0 cu ft ÷ 13.5 cu ft a half yard = 3.70, rounded up to 4 half yards: 2 cu yd.
Your supplier's minimum is 0 cu yd, so bulk is billed as 0 cu yd.
25 bags × $0.00 = $0.00.
2 cu yd × $0.00 = $0.00.
Break-even: ($0.00 × 0 cu yd + $0.00) ÷ $0.00 a cubic yard in bags = 0.00 cu yd, about 0.0.
Break-even: $0.00 ÷ ($0.00 − $0.00) a cubic yard = 0.00 cu yd, about 0.0.
A bag covers its volume spread at your depth: 2 cu ft at 3 in is 8 sq ft.
Volumes are not rounded. Bags round up once to whole bags, bulk rounds up to the half yard, and the break-even rounds up to the tenth of a yard.
Depths: ISA, Morton Arboretum, University of Maryland, Clemson and UNL Extension; playgrounds: CPSC. Bag sizes: Lowe's and Home Depot listings; half yards and delivery minimums: Heritage Landscape Supply Group and Estabrook's. Each is listed under the calculator.
Mulch calculator: cubic yards and bags for beds, tree rings and playgrounds
How much mulch do you need? Cubic yards, cubic feet and bags
How to use the mulch calculator: a front bed priced, then topped up
Mulch bag sizes: how many make a cubic yard, and what each covers
| Bag or unit | Units in a cubic yard | Covers at 2 in | Covers at 3 in |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 cu ft bag | 18 | 9 sq ft | 6 sq ft |
| 2 cu ft bag | 13.5 | 12 sq ft | 8 sq ft |
| 3 cu ft bag | 9 | 18 sq ft | 12 sq ft |
| 0.8 cu ft rubber mulch bag | 33.75 | 4.8 sq ft | 3.2 sq ft |
| 1 cubic yard of bulk (27 cu ft) | 1 | 162 sq ft | 108 sq ft |
Mulch calculator examples: big beds, small beds, tree rings and rubber
1,000 sq ft of beds where bulk saves $461.16
- Bags: 167 (166.67 rounded up, 0.5 cu ft spare), about $831.66
- Bulk: 9.5 cu yd (9.26 rounded up to the half yard), about $370.50
- Verdict: Bulk is cheaper for this bed by $461.16.
- Break-even: about 1.4 cu yd
A 54 sq ft bed where bulk wins by $2.50
- Bags: 5 of 3 cu ft (4.50 rounded up, 1.5 cu ft spare), about $30.00
- Bulk: 0.5 cu yd, about $27.50
- Verdict: Bulk is cheaper for this bed by $2.50.
Five tree rings 6 ft across
Rubber mulch in a 200 sq ft bed
A round bed 10 ft across
Bags or bulk at four sets of prices
| Bed and prices | Bags | Bulk billed | Bags cost | Bulk cost | Cheaper |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 sq ft at 3 in; $4 bags; $40 a cu yd, $75 delivery, 3 cu yd minimum | 25 of 2 cu ft | 3 cu yd | $100.00 | $195.00 | Bags, by $95.00 |
| 200 sq ft at 3 in; $4 bags; $40 a cu yd, no fee or minimum | 25 of 2 cu ft | 2 cu yd | $100.00 | $80.00 | Bulk, by $20.00 |
| 1,000 sq ft at 3 in; $4.98 bags; $39 a cu yd, 3 cu yd minimum | 167 of 1.5 cu ft | 9.5 cu yd | $831.66 | $370.50 | Bulk, by $461.16 |
| 54 sq ft at 3 in; $6 bags; $55 a cu yd | 5 of 3 cu ft | 0.5 cu yd | $30.00 | $27.50 | Bulk, by $2.50 |
How to calculate playground mulch: spread 12 inches to keep 9
Mulch mistakes that waste bags or harm trees
- Spreading a full layer over mulch that is still there. University of Maryland Extension warns that mulch can build up to 5, 6 or more inches over time, and says organic mulch should not exceed 3 inches. Measure in a few spots and type the depth under Mulch already there: with 5 in in a bed set to 3, every card reads 0 and the top-up line tells you to rake some out.
- Piling mulch against the trunk. The Morton Arboretum calls the mound volcano mulching. University of Maryland Extension says to keep mulch about 3 inches from the base of the trunk, which is the bare circle the Tree ring shape leaves: a 6 in trunk gets a 12 in hole.
- Ordering a playground at the depth it has to keep. A plain 9 inches over 200 sq ft is 5.56 cubic yards. CPSC's 25% compression means spreading 12 inches, 7.41 cubic yards, and the playground wood setting adds that for you.
- Comparing a bag price with a yard price. A $4 bag and a $40 yard are different units. At 13.5 two-cubic-foot bags to the yard, the bagged yard costs $54.00, and the per-yard line under the cards does that conversion for whichever bag size you pick.
- Leaving the delivery fee and minimum out. A bed that needs 1.85 cubic yards, billed at a 3-yard minimum with $40 yards and a $75 fee, costs $195.00 in bulk against $100.00 in $4 bags; with the fee and minimum left at 0, the Bulk card would show $80.00 and the verdict would call bulk cheaper. Ask the supplier for both and type them before you trust the verdict.
- Mulching wet ground as deep as dry ground. ISA's 2 to 4 inches is for well-drained sites, and it warns that more than 2 inches of organic mulch can keep wet soils from drying.
- Running mulch up to the house. Clemson Cooperative Extension says to keep mulch 6 to 12 inches from building walls so termites cannot use it as a bridge across treated soil; measure the bed from that gap outward.
- Mulching shallow-rooted shrubs like a tree. University of Maryland Extension puts no more than 1 inch around shallow-rooted plants such as boxwood, below the 2 to 3 inches the depth line uses for shredded mulch in general.
What to work out before or after the mulch calculator
Mulch calculator FAQ
How many bags of mulch do I need for 200 square feet?
How many bags of mulch are in a yard?
How much does a yard of mulch cover?
How many yards of mulch cover 1,000 sq ft at 3 inches?
When is bulk mulch cheaper than bags?
Can I put new mulch over old mulch?
How much mulch do I need around a tree?
How deep should playground mulch be?
Is 6 inches of wood mulch enough under a swing set?
How much rubber mulch do I need for a flower bed?
Should I buy 10% extra mulch for settling?
What depth of mulch is best for flower beds?
Which mulch setting do I use for cedar, cypress or dyed mulch?
How do I order bulk mulch once I know how many yards?
Should I buy bags or bulk if the difference is only a few dollars?
Does the bag count match the coverage printed on the bag?
Why does the calculator round bulk mulch to the half yard?
Can I save or share a mulch estimate?
Does the mulch calculator show cubic meters?
Sources & References
- International Society of Arboriculture, Proper Mulching Techniques (Trees Are Good, 2021) — 2 to 4 in on well-drained sites, fine mulch in a 2 to 3 in layer and coarse mulch such as arborist wood chips in a 3 to 4 in layer, a ring 3 ft in radius as the minimum for most trees, a warning that more than 2 in of organic mulch can keep wet soils from drying, and checking the depth of mulch already there before adding more
- The Morton Arboretum, How to Mulch Trees and Shrubs — 3 to 4 in of medium- to coarse-textured mulch under trees and shrubs, out to the drip line on younger trees, and only a couple of inches in perennial beds
- University of Maryland Extension, Mulching Trees and Shrubs (updated 2023) — mulch kept shallow, 1 to 3 in, and about 3 in from tree trunks; pine needles 2 to 3 in, compost about 1 in, gravel or stone 1 in
- University of Maryland Extension, Excess Mulch Problems (updated 2023) — organic mulch should not exceed 3 in, and new mulch should only keep it at its original depth; buildup to 5 or 6 in causes plant problems, and excessive mulch reduces soil oxygen for roots
- Clemson Cooperative Extension, Home & Garden Information Center: Mulch — fine-textured wood and bark mulch no more than 2 to 3 in deep, coarse mulch such as pine bark nuggets as deep as 4 in, pine needles 2 to 3 in, shredded leaves and grass clippings never deeper than 2 in, mulch kept 6 to 12 in from building walls, and one cubic yard covering 324 sq ft an inch deep
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension, Backyard Farmer: Mulch — 2 to 4 in is ideal for most organic mulches; for heavier mulches like gravel, 1 to 2 in may be sufficient
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Public Playground Safety Handbook (Publication 325, 2010) — never less than 9 in of loose fill except shredded or recycled rubber (6 in recommended); loose fill compresses at least 25%, so 9 in of wood chips needs an initial fill of 12 in, while shredded rubber does not compress the same way
- Sta-Green Premium 2 cu ft Brown Mulch (Lowe's listing) — 2 cubic feet by dry volume, covering 12 sq ft at 2 in
- Vigoro 2 cu ft Premium Wood Mulch (Home Depot listing) — one bag covers 8 sq ft at 3 in, with 3 in the minimum for best results
- Scotts Nature Scapes Color Enhanced 1.5 cu ft Mulch (Lowe's listing) — 1.5 cubic feet by dry volume, covering 9 sq ft at 2 in
- Superior Cedar Products 3 cu ft Natural Cedar Mulch (Lowe's listing) — 3 cubic feet by dry volume, covering 18 sq ft at 2 in
- GroundSmart Premium Nugget 0.8 cu ft Rubber Mulch (Lowe's listing) — 4.8 sq ft at 2 in, and 6.4 sq ft at 1.5 in against 3.2 sq ft of wood mulch at 3 in
- Heritage Landscape Supply Group, Mid-Atlantic bulk mulch — priced per cubic yard and per half yard, with a 3-yard minimum on delivery orders
- Estabrook's, Bulk Material and Plant Delivery — mulch priced by the yard and the half yard, delivery fees shown when ordering online, and bulk minimums that rise with distance, from 2 yards in zones 1 and 2 to 5 yards in zones 5 and 6
- NIST Guide to the SI (SP 811), Appendix B.8 — the yard is exactly 0.9144 metre, so 1 cubic yard is exactly 0.764554857984 cubic metres